I appreciate the response to my post. We use Netwrix Auditor. When we tested the Group Policy change below Netwrix was unable to connect to our domain controllers. We have attempted to migigate this from the client side but ultimately if the DCs do not require the higher level of security the vulnerability remains.
This is the specific finding from our 2025 Internal Pen Test.
Condition: The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) implementation within the Active Directory environment was not secured using channel binding and signing technologies. However, no opportunities to capture and relay the traffic to exploit this configuration were identified.
Root Cause: BANK has attempted to implement channel binding and signing technologies but has identified multiple applications in the environment which do not support the security controls and was forced to revert the stronger LDAP configurations.
Implication: An attacker with network access who captured hashed account credentials could relay the hashed credentials to another computer not enforcing strong LDAP security standards to fully compromise the account.
Recommendation: BANK should secure LDAP connections using channel binding and signing. Once secured, BANK should perform follow up reviews to determine if LDAP secure implementations have been configured. BANK should start by configuring optional LDAP client signing within Active Directory using Group Policy. Once systems have been determined to be negotiating signing, BANK should modify Group Policy to require signing for all communications. Alternatively, LDAP over SSL/TLS (LDAPS) can be configured to meet the LDAP signing requirement such as on non-Windows machines.
More information on enabling required LDAP signing can be found below:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/active-directory/enable-ldap-signing-in-windows-server
Regarding LDAP channel binding, BANK should configure optional channel binding within Active Directory Group Policy. Once all LDAP clients are using optional channel binding, BANK should configure channel binding to be required. It should be noted that LDAPS does not solve this requirement, and non-Windows implementations will often require working with the vendor. To help identify systems not supporting channel binding,
Microsoft’s article below may assist:
2020, 2023, and 2024 LDAP channel binding and LDAP signing requirements for Windows (KB4520412) - Microsoft Support
Mentioned previously, LDAPS can assist with meeting at least the signing requirement through encrypted LDAP traffic using trusted certificates. This method of securing LDAP is often more supported by miscellaneous vendor systems compared to signing itself. Therefore, BANK may need to work with their vendors to understand how current systems could support more secure LDAP connections such as upgrading the system version or requesting a new feature. However, it should be noted that LDAPS would require internal certificate management knowledge and processes which can be quite complex.
Microsoft’s guide on supporting LDAPS using a third-party signed certificate can be found below:• Enable Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) - Windows Server | Microsoft Learn